颱風天,讀書天



最近在看Ernest Becker的經典著作 The Denial of Death。
本來以為會看到很多關於死亡的探討,
但其實比較像是整理各個哲學、心理學與神學大師對人類處境的看法。
如果以前念心理學時,有像這樣好好讀完幾本書,應該會對這些理論有更深刻的理解。


看到第八章竟然提到現代人的愛情關係,
本來實在懶得紀錄一些重點,因為進度已經落後,但再看一次還是很有感覺,
可以讓人時常提醒自己。
節錄如下:

For one thing, one becomes bound to the object in dependency. One needs it for self-justification. One can be utterly dependent whether one needs the object as a source of strength, in a masochistic way, or whether one needs it to feel one's own self-expansive strength, by manipulating it sadistically. In either case one's self-development is restricted by the object, absorbed by it. It is too narrow a fetishization of meaning, and one comes to resent it and chafe at it. If you find the ideal love and try to make it the sole judge of good and bad in yourself, the measure of your strivings, you become simply the reflex of another person. You lose yourself in the other, just as obedient children lose themselves in the family. No wonder that dependency, whether of the god or the slave in the relationship, carries with it so much underlying resentment.

人是因為某種目的才會被束縛在依賴對方的關係中。人之所以需要伴侶,其實是為了自我肯定。人或許需要伴侶作為力量的源泉——以一種受虐的方式;人或許也需要藉由殘酷地控制伴侶,來感覺自我擴張的力量。無論受虐還是施虐,都體現了完全的依賴性,其自我發展都被對方所限制和占據。這實際上是一種意義過分狹隘的迷戀,正因為如此,當事人時時惱怒不堪、心神不寧。如果你找到了理想的愛情,並力圖使它成為你自身好壞的唯一評斷,成為衡量你努力程度的標準,那麼你不過是他人的影子。你在別人身上迷失了自己,一如聽話的孩子在家庭中失去了自我。事實上,無論你在這種浪漫關係中當神還是當奴隸,你都依賴關係為生,而依賴中必然潛藏著如此多的怨恨。 



When we look for the "perfect" human object we are looking for someone who allows us to express our will completely, without any frustration or false notes. We want an object that reflects a truly ideal image of ourselves. But no human object can do this; humans have wills and counterwills of their own, in a thousand ways they can move against us, their very appetites offend us.

當我們在人群中尋找「完美的」對象時,意味著尋找一個允許我們完全表達自己意志的人,而不會有任何挫折,也不會有任何虛偽。我們渴望一個能反映我們真正理想形象的對象。只是,人群中無人能夠滿足這一點;人都有自己的意志和反意志,可能在無數方面與我們相衝突,他們的慾望也會冒犯我們。 


However much we may idealize and idolize him, he inevitably reflects earthly decay and imperfection. And as he is our ideal measure of value, this imperfection falls back upon us. If your partner is your "All" then any shortcoming in him becomes a major threat to you.

無論我們如何把伴侶理想化、偶像化,他(她)始終必然反映塵世的腐朽和缺憾。反過來,由於伴侶是我們對理想的價值標準,這種缺憾就轉而落到我們自己身上。如果你的伴侶是你的「一切」,那麼他(她)的任何缺點都會變成你的主要威脅。 



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